Terms:
rhetor: one who uses language persuasively or who teaches rhetoric
rhetorical triangle: writer, speaker, message
pathos--appeal to emotions (use of stirring imagery, examples symbols, or strong beliefs)

"He who is not content to look, like a savage, at the phenomena of nature as disconnected cannot any longer believe that man is the work of a separate act of creation." 1687

mention of a savages who "delights to torture his enemies, offers up bloody sacrifices, practices infanticide without remorse, treats his wives like slaves, knows no decency, and is haunted by the grossest superstitions" 1690

False facts are highly injurious to the progress of science, for they often long endure; but false views, if supported by some evidence, do little harm, as everyone takes a salutary pleasure in proving their falseness

logos- (means word)--appeal to reason (use facts, examples relevant to the argument at hand)
we continue to evolve
arrives at the idea of sexual selection by tracing facts about inherited characteristics 1688
uses example of argus pheasant

ethos--establishing credibility or character or drawing on expertise from another authority
(ethos comes from training, research, education; it also allows you to build bridges to your audience)

First hand accounts--give credibility
Malthus--if population continues without checks, there will be overpopulation
Herbert Spencer
Asa Gray

Reluctance to criticize other authorities

skeptics--deny all evidence
fanatics--overly devoted to one particular cause

How does Darwin use pathos, logos and ethos in his essay?

                                        writer/speaker
 
 

audience                                                                 message

Charles Darwin (1809-1882)
Studied medicine and then switched to theology, but pursued his interest in science, particularly geology. Conducted his research aboard the Beagle in the Galapagos Islands, 600 miles off the coast of Ecuador.
Observed species and their adaptations (few mammals on the islands, as most life forms swam or flew to the islands or were carried their by chance/currents)
Origin of Species (1859)
Struggle for existence

Descent of Man (1871)